GB/T 42900-2023 specifies the high-temperature compression test method for metallic materials at temperatures above room temperature and strain rates ranging from 10² s⁻¹ to 10⁴ s⁻¹. It clarifies core aspects such as test principles, sample requirements, procedures, and data processing. The standard aims to simulate the stress state of materials under high-temperature and high-speed deformation conditions, measure compression stress-strain curves, evaluate mechanical properties and deformation behavior, and provide support for material development and process optimization. The test requires the use of a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus, equipped with a high-temperature heating system and high-precision strain signal measurement equipment. Accurate data are obtained through stress wave loading and signal analysis, providing a unified technical basis for quality control and engineering application selection of metallic materials.