This standard specifies a method for determining the wear resistance of leather (including semi-aniline leather, pigmented leather, and finished leather) using the Martindale ball-on-disc method. The test is conducted with a specialized Martindale abrasion tester, based on the principle of applying a fixture loaded with specific abrasives under a defined pressure to rub against a circular leather sample fixed on a lower ball-on-disc platform. The fixture moves along a complex planar trajectory known as a Lissajous figure. The key aspect of the test involves continuous rubbing and observation until a predetermined number of wear points (typically four or more) appear on the sample surface. The number of rubbing cycles endured up to this point is used as a quantitative indicator to evaluate the wear resistance of the leather.