This standard serves as the foundational part of a series of methods for determining abrasion resistance. It specifies in detail the technical requirements for specialized instruments required for conducting fabric abrasion tests. The core testing instrument defined by this standard is the Martindale abrasion tester, which is primarily used to evaluate the abrasion and pilling resistance of various fabrics, synthetic leathers, and other materials under fixed pressure. Its core working principle involves subjecting circular specimens to reciprocating friction against standard abrasives along a complex Lissajous curve trajectory. The design of this instrument allows it to accommodate various fabric types (such as woven fabrics, knitted fabrics, and coated fabrics) and provides a unified and standardized equipment foundation for subsequent specific tests, including specimen breakage, mass loss, or appearance changes.