This standard establishes a method for the rapid determination and screening of eight heavy metal elements, including lead, cadmium, chromium, and barium, in surface coatings of furniture using X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy. Its core advantage lies in achieving a leap from complex pretreatment to in-situ, non-destructive testing, enabling efficient compliance with the limit requirements for hazardous substances in coatings. In specific implementation, the core detection instrument is an energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence spectrometer equipped with the fundamental parameter method, available in both benchtop and handheld models to flexibly adapt to different scenarios. To ensure quantitative accuracy, particularly in addressing X-ray penetration issues caused by thin coatings, the standard explicitly requires the use of high-precision ultrasonic thickness gauges to accurately measure paint film thickness, which is then input as a key parameter into the analysis software for correction.