This standard specifies the core technical requirements and test methods for synthetic resin emulsion coatings applied to the interior and exterior walls of buildings, aiming to comprehensively enhance the quality and environmental performance of wall coatings. The new standard not only significantly improves the scrub resistance of topcoats (increasing from 350 cycles for qualified products to 500 cycles) but also introduces key performance indicators for primers, such as reinforcement capability (with a pull-off strength of ≥0.2 MPa for Type I primers) and low-temperature film-forming properties. To ensure the scientific rigor and reproducibility of test results, the standard explicitly stipulates the use of an automatic coating machine for sample preparation during arbitration testing, thereby eliminating human errors associated with manual application. Additionally, specialized equipment such as scrub resistance testers, anti-efflorescence and anti-alkali test devices, and pull-off adhesion testers are employed during testing to comprehensively simulate real-world conditions and accurately evaluate the durability, substrate reinforcement capability, and anti-efflorescence performance of the coatings.