GB/T 43012-2023 "Pulp—Determination of sulfur and sulfate half-ester content in cellulose nanocrystals" is applicable to dispersions with monovalent counterions, either in their undried or redispersed forms, as well as cellulose nanocrystals obtained through sulfuric acid hydrolysis or acidification. It specifies laboratory test procedures for determining sulfur content using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) and for determining sulfate half-ester content using conductometric titration. The standard clarifies technical details such as sample handling, reagent requirements, instrument specifications, and experimental operations, thereby standardizing the relevant testing processes and methods for calculating results.