This standard specifies the test methods for Rockwell hardness and surface Rockwell hardness of metallic materials under various scales. The core principle involves using a Rockwell hardness tester to apply an initial test force, followed by a main test force. The hardness value is then calculated by measuring the increment of residual indentation depth after the main test force is removed while the initial test force is still maintained. The standard explicitly states that this method applies to both stationary and portable Rockwell hardness testers and designates tungsten carbide alloy ball indenters as the standard type. Compared to the previous version, this edition strengthens the requirements for the operational standardization of testing equipment.