GB/T 4857.23-2021 specifies the test method for vertical random vibration of transport packages and unit loads, which can be conducted as a single test or as part of a series of tests. The standard defines the test principle, equipment, procedures, and reporting requirements. The core components include a vertical vibration table, a vibration measurement and control system, acceleration sensors, and data acquisition equipment, with a frequency resolution of up to 1 Hz. By simulating the vertical random vibration environment encountered during actual transportation, parameters such as the power spectral density curve and total root mean square acceleration are set, and the test duration is controlled to evaluate the strength of the packaging and its protective capability for the contents. This provides a unified basis for packaging quality control in logistics and transportation processes.